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创建具有找零地址的交易

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本文字数： 8.9k 阅读时长 ≈ 8 分钟

之前的文章讲了构建裸交易的过程，但是上文直接构建裸交易是没有创建找零地址的，所以输入和输出的差值都会成为矿工的交易费。极容易造成高额的交易费，所以这篇文章在之前的基础上使用 fundrawtransaction 来创建具有找零地址的交易。

先列出主干

  1. 创建一笔没有输入的交易
  2. 添加充足的未签名的的交易来满足交易需求
  3. 签名
  4. 广播

具体过程

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// 启动私链
1. bitcoind -printtoconsole -regtest // 其余参数全部参照原来的设计,其余几个项目都去 .bitcoin/bitcoin.conf 下去掉

////先测试私链起来了没有
2. bitcoin-cli -regtest  -getinfo

//在查询一下
3. bitcoin-cli -regtest getbestblockhash

//查询当前用户信息 不出所料的话都应该没有币的
4. bitcoin-cli -regtest getbalance

//生成一个地址作为初始地址 2N9nBBNFP4BFFZWzvQTwQKF96RxidHx4p8K
5. bitcoin-cli -regtest  getnewaddress

//验证一下这个地址
6. bitcoin-cli -regtest validateaddress 2N9nBBNFP4BFFZWzvQTwQKF96RxidHx4p8K

// 输出
{
  "isvalid": true,
  "address": "2N9nBBNFP4BFFZWzvQTwQKF96RxidHx4p8K",
  "scriptPubKey": "a914b55c9006466ed8bad87d9f7af0aed405764eb0a887",
  "isscript": true,
  "iswitness": false
}

//尝试导出这个私钥  cQUSPugSndqrg9UkVKvgeowJpptyyxHFEE5TcstjJnw8NzeUKPCg
7. bitcoin-cli -regtest dumpprivkey 2N9nBBNFP4BFFZWzvQTwQKF96RxidHx4p8K

//开始挖矿 注意这里的 api 发生了变化 以前是直接generate 现在推荐下面的方法 直接100个区块到之前生成的地址上
8. bitcoin-cli -regtest generatetoaddress 101 2N9nBBNFP4BFFZWzvQTwQKF96RxidHx4p8K

//接下来 获取当前账户下的信息   确认一百个块 得到50个比特币
9. bitcoin-cli -regtest getbalance

//再生成第二个地址 用于接受转账  2NByxgfmQxVuQXB16GY1J2ru6RGfNEdgPk3
10. bitcoin-cli -regtest getnewaddress

//先创建一笔没有输入的交易 转账给我们的目标地址35个比特币  02000000000100c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000
11. bitcoin-cli -regtest createrawtransaction '[]' '{"2NByxgfmQxVuQXB16GY1J2ru6RGfNEdgPk3":35}'

//接下来decode 
12. bitcoin-cli -regtest decoderawtransaction 02000000000100c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000

输出

{
  "txid": "776b54a0b65d3af5fd13ab4d947ab72e563ba7a2aa43cd37ebdd820dc50ec9ca",
  "hash": "776b54a0b65d3af5fd13ab4d947ab72e563ba7a2aa43cd37ebdd820dc50ec9ca",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 42,
  "vsize": 42,
  "weight": 168,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 35.00000000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea87",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NByxgfmQxVuQXB16GY1J2ru6RGfNEdgPk3"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

//使用 fundrawtransaction 计算出交易费  输入为刚才得到的 raw transaction 02000000000100c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000 
13. bitcoin-cli -regtest fundrawtransaction 02000000000100c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000
{
  "hex": "02000000019e667f70450d80e036c5763b4ece68479a047a67efcf483f8bf2e56c50ca5f140000000000feffffff02082268590000000017a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd8700c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000",
  "fee": 0.00003320,
  "changepos": 0
}

// decoderawtransaction 
14. bitcoin-cli -regtest decoderawtransaction 02000000019e667f70450d80e036c5763b4ece68479a047a67efcf483f8bf2e56c50ca5f140000000000feffffff02082268590000000017a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd8700c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000

{
  "txid": "704bd8b218ab5dc934a6388f139659f0626a93af1d77814d34a8123590641500",
  "hash": "704bd8b218ab5dc934a6388f139659f0626a93af1d77814d34a8123590641500",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 115,
  "vsize": 115,
  "weight": 460,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "145fca506ce5f28b3f48cfef677a049a4768ce4e3b76c536e0800d45707f669e",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "",
        "hex": ""
      },
      "sequence": 4294967294
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 14.99996680,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd87",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NEkfbXNcp3iQtQjh4RemfTGeGQ6S8uX5kC"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "value": 35.00000000,
      "n": 1,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea87",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NByxgfmQxVuQXB16GY1J2ru6RGfNEdgPk3"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

// 利用钱包的功能对这次交易进行签名
15. bitcoin-cli -regtest signrawtransactionwithwallet 02000000019e667f70450d80e036c5763b4ece68479a047a67efcf483f8bf2e56c50ca5f140000000000feffffff02082268590000000017a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd8700c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8700000000

{
  "hex": "020000000001019e667f70450d80e036c5763b4ece68479a047a67efcf483f8bf2e56c50ca5f1400000000171600145ffd0df9539eaf3036a524bf7c41ed5864cc2334feffffff02082268590000000017a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd8700c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8702473044022054074aff080169dc692cb1952eb97205f7c1b7b4a2f14903ee270271fcc9b19102205fdafcafbbb466350e48d891498c1244238866bf17ac11515a1cc4b796fbfdaa0121034824cd575c0c7474fbb49c255ad81892f673f68c2025f5bacfc60bbec910b1ac00000000",
  "complete": true
}

// 广播  668911f8a41113ffdbf65fd326e20c107dfd62cf3cc86959444f55be94ab78d7
16. bitcoin-cli -regtest sendrawtransaction 020000000001019e667f70450d80e036c5763b4ece68479a047a67efcf483f8bf2e56c50ca5f1400000000171600145ffd0df9539eaf3036a524bf7c41ed5864cc2334feffffff02082268590000000017a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd8700c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8702473044022054074aff080169dc692cb1952eb97205f7c1b7b4a2f14903ee270271fcc9b19102205fdafcafbbb466350e48d891498c1244238866bf17ac11515a1cc4b796fbfdaa0121034824cd575c0c7474fbb49c255ad81892f673f68c2025f5bacfc60bbec910b1ac00000000

//可以查看一下 
17. bitcoin-cli -regtest getrawtransaction 668911f8a41113ffdbf65fd326e20c107dfd62cf3cc86959444f55be94ab78d7 1

输出
{
  "txid": "668911f8a41113ffdbf65fd326e20c107dfd62cf3cc86959444f55be94ab78d7",
  "hash": "53171009d8f8984d72276e6f4f19bad12476d272ba6728e8323a2bb3756c77ac",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 247,
  "vsize": 166,
  "weight": 661,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "145fca506ce5f28b3f48cfef677a049a4768ce4e3b76c536e0800d45707f669e",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "00145ffd0df9539eaf3036a524bf7c41ed5864cc2334",
        "hex": "1600145ffd0df9539eaf3036a524bf7c41ed5864cc2334"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "3044022054074aff080169dc692cb1952eb97205f7c1b7b4a2f14903ee270271fcc9b19102205fdafcafbbb466350e48d891498c1244238866bf17ac11515a1cc4b796fbfdaa01",
        "034824cd575c0c7474fbb49c255ad81892f673f68c2025f5bacfc60bbec910b1ac"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967294
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 14.99996680,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd87",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NEkfbXNcp3iQtQjh4RemfTGeGQ6S8uX5kC"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "value": 35.00000000,
      "n": 1,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea87",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NByxgfmQxVuQXB16GY1J2ru6RGfNEdgPk3"
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "hex": "020000000001019e667f70450d80e036c5763b4ece68479a047a67efcf483f8bf2e56c50ca5f1400000000171600145ffd0df9539eaf3036a524bf7c41ed5864cc2334feffffff02082268590000000017a914ebec149b57c6c84ab9a5302dae8150369d9c51fd8700c39dd00000000017a914cd876025d3d13aa7ed999128d40100a9f26a65ea8702473044022054074aff080169dc692cb1952eb97205f7c1b7b4a2f14903ee270271fcc9b19102205fdafcafbbb466350e48d891498c1244238866bf17ac11515a1cc4b796fbfdaa0121034824cd575c0c7474fbb49c255ad81892f673f68c2025f5bacfc60bbec910b1ac00000000"
}