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构建离线交易

发表于 更新于 分类于
本文字数： 16k 阅读时长 ≈ 14 分钟

本文是在之前的复杂交易的基础上进行的，离线签名主要是为了满足以下场景

我们都知道，正常的交易需要确认6次以后才可以被视作可信（confirm）交易。当我们需要从A到B再到C连续交易时，如果离线签名不存在，则必须在A到B的交易被确认后，再发起一次B到C的交易。而离线签名可以使我们做到A到B的交易在广播之前就立刻发起一个下一步交易，之后再进行广播。

按照之前惯例，列出离线签名的主干步骤

  1. 发起第一步交易，完成对交易的签名
  2. 在第一步交易未广播之前，发起第二笔交易
  3. 依次广播第一次交易和第二交易，完成整个交易过程

以上的交易中，提取UXTO，发起交易，签名的步骤和之前列出的交易类型是一致的，不可省略。下面列出发起离线签名的步骤，其中18步之前和前文的构建复杂交易是一致的，之后的步骤是发起离线签名的过程

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1. 启动测试链
bitcoind -printtoconsole -regtest

2. 查询链信息
bitcoin-cli -regtest  -getinfo

3. 生成地址 2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9
bitcoin-cli -regtest  getnewaddress

4. 导出私钥备用 cUBZgraadC4HdjCf5px1QT9cLENgF6RPGkXfqaS7TivpCtAUctMb
bitcoin-cli -regtest dumpprivkey 2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9

5. 给这个地址挖矿 101块
bitcoin-cli -regtest generatetoaddress 101 2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9

6. 生成第二个地址 2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n
bitcoin-cli -regtest  getnewaddress

7. 导出私钥 cQne7yVqswhrC43N3DushL6XzzejHBkBwzrEM8ydeRcR7MTBmPV9
bitcoin-cli -regtest dumpprivkey 2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n

8. 挖矿 102块
bitcoin-cli -regtest generatetoaddress 102 2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n

9. 生成地址作为输出 2NDkJxccs9Wd6cctvKSBtfk2Nza2EeavS1Y
bitcoin-cli -regtest  getnewaddress

10. 继续生成 2MxXvWg5KqLUHWQfm4z8rZhGj16aAqPWF6y
bitcoin-cli -regtest  getnewaddress

11. 提取UXTO
bitcoin-cli -regtest listunspent 6 9999999 "[\"2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9\"]"

{
    "txid": "eef9c597e33f507bc8fd8a9e883bfd5843986b5cc4fb56ff688735f44b2e8539",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9",
    "label": "",
    "redeemScript": "001482d55d9dff1765974f91aa49ca8390bc3da3d761",
    "scriptPubKey": "a91420efe7d679e1ebfa932860265e6ae69ac0087b3987",
    "amount": 50.00000000,
    "confirmations": 182,
    "spendable": true,
    "solvable": true,
    "desc": "sh(wpkh([bec83093/0'/0'/29']02c7a49c3f29e63cf274819490e6e0bdc115756397ca60a86091f822286f5e9a88))#x6wqjynz",
    "safe": true
  },
  {
    "txid": "33043fc71a74c6436f5672696e8bf0c4b809fd72f5d69d698bf406415a8d6f3b",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9",
    "label": "",
    "redeemScript": "001482d55d9dff1765974f91aa49ca8390bc3da3d761",
    "scriptPubKey": "a91420efe7d679e1ebfa932860265e6ae69ac0087b3987",
    "amount": 50.00000000,
    "confirmations": 196,
    "spendable": true,
    "solvable": true,
    "desc": "sh(wpkh([bec83093/0'/0'/29']02c7a49c3f29e63cf274819490e6e0bdc115756397ca60a86091f822286f5e9a88))#x6wqjynz",
    "safe": true
  }


14. 提取UTXO  只列举一小部分
bitcoin-cli -regtest listunspent 6 9999999 "[\"2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n\"]"

[
  {
    "txid": "be12c06ce23a174d29a507b09a5bc86ef38fc0ad5467e2083c9d371f0928a5d5",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n",
    "label": "",
    "redeemScript": "0014044267290a1ed9e1b363bfdec43aac1df8f85bfb",
    "scriptPubKey": "a914aa848392f25d6672385271ef62b80fc03ced47d287",
    "amount": 50.00000000,
    "confirmations": 101,
    "spendable": true,
    "solvable": true,
    "desc": "sh(wpkh([bec83093/0'/0'/30']030541bdfff7b3e4deb1e0addf5715cbbb13407e7b06a9793a1be36233b7d49fdc))#px0ff4zh",
    "safe": true
  },
  {
    "txid": "a3ef346a4f86ea82ac4b78c2b60f5be3b6c2b21ab0fbcecdfd87acc3b5c439e2",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n",
    "label": "",
    "redeemScript": "0014044267290a1ed9e1b363bfdec43aac1df8f85bfb",
    "scriptPubKey": "a914aa848392f25d6672385271ef62b80fc03ced47d287",
    "amount": 50.00000000,
    "confirmations": 102,
    "spendable": true,
    "solvable": true,
    "desc": "sh(wpkh([bec83093/0'/0'/30']030541bdfff7b3e4deb1e0addf5715cbbb13407e7b06a9793a1be36233b7d49fdc))#px0ff4zh",
    "safe": true
  }
]


  第一组
  txid: eef9c597e33f507bc8fd8a9e883bfd5843986b5cc4fb56ff688735f44b2e8539
  vout: 0
  address: 2MvFP1Mf8Y7v3VsoUtPi4FqA39eNySyKhK9
  privkey: cUBZgraadC4HdjCf5px1QT9cLENgF6RPGkXfqaS7TivpCtAUctMb

  第二组:
  txid: be12c06ce23a174d29a507b09a5bc86ef38fc0ad5467e2083c9d371f0928a5d5
  vout: 0
  address: 2N8nqc8HxKaziqbJR3T9KotZkb5unYq7R5n
  privkey: cQne7yVqswhrC43N3DushL6XzzejHBkBwzrEM8ydeRcR7MTBmPV9

  目标地址
  2NDkJxccs9Wd6cctvKSBtfk2Nza2EeavS1Y

  2MxXvWg5KqLUHWQfm4z8rZhGj16aAqPWF6y

15 构建交易 给每个目标49.99个比特币
bitcoin-cli -regtest createrawtransaction '''
    [
      {
        "txid": "eef9c597e33f507bc8fd8a9e883bfd5843986b5cc4fb56ff688735f44b2e8539", 
        "vout": 0
      }, 
      {
        "txid": "be12c06ce23a174d29a507b09a5bc86ef38fc0ad5467e2083c9d371f0928a5d5",
        "vout": 0
      }
    ]
    ''' '''
    {
      "2NDkJxccs9Wd6cctvKSBtfk2Nza2EeavS1Y": 49.99, 
      "2MxXvWg5KqLUHWQfm4z8rZhGj16aAqPWF6y": 49.99 
    }'''

020000000239852e4bf4358768ff56fbc45c6b984358fd3b889e8afdc87b503fe397c5f9ee0000000000ffffffffd5a528091f379d3c08e26754adc08ff36ec85b9ab007a5294d173ae26cc012be0000000000ffffffff02c0aff6290100000017a914e0e2ba743a50d6c51176cf4006a73b07c29df3cf87c0aff6290100000017a9143a011cad3e72170448f61524c490ce1ec3c7e8a48700000000

16. 现在一次进行签名 这里使用私钥进行签名
bitcoin-cli -regtest signrawtransactionwithkey "020000000239852e4bf4358768ff56fbc45c6b984358fd3b889e8afdc87b503fe397c5f9ee0000000000ffffffffd5a528091f379d3c08e26754adc08ff36ec85b9ab007a5294d173ae26cc012be0000000000ffffffff02c0aff6290100000017a914e0e2ba743a50d6c51176cf4006a73b07c29df3cf87c0aff6290100000017a9143a011cad3e72170448f61524c490ce1ec3c7e8a48700000000" "[\"cUBZgraadC4HdjCf5px1QT9cLENgF6RPGkXfqaS7TivpCtAUctMb\"]"

{
  "hex": "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",
  "complete": false,
  "errors": [
    {
      "txid": "be12c06ce23a174d29a507b09a5bc86ef38fc0ad5467e2083c9d371f0928a5d5",
      "vout": 0,
      "witness": [
      ],
      "scriptSig": "",
      "sequence": 4294967295,
      "error": "Unable to sign input, invalid stack size (possibly missing key)"
    }
  ]
}

17 2签
bitcoin-cli -regtest signrawtransactionwithkey "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" "[\"cQne7yVqswhrC43N3DushL6XzzejHBkBwzrEM8ydeRcR7MTBmPV9\"]"

{
  "hex": "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",
  "complete": true
}


18 接下来进行离线签署

1. decode
bitcoin-cli -regtest decoderawtransaction 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

{
  "txid": "593bc8b6149fc64d31d70d58d365764fc362fd2aecf6adabb6c2be3964682389",
  "hash": "47d4757e05dffdd2a24ca98134ee4aa87d00521ac5237cdd8cbfbf475b6ef870",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 418,
  "vsize": 256,
  "weight": 1024,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "eef9c597e33f507bc8fd8a9e883bfd5843986b5cc4fb56ff688735f44b2e8539",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "001482d55d9dff1765974f91aa49ca8390bc3da3d761",
        "hex": "16001482d55d9dff1765974f91aa49ca8390bc3da3d761"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "3044022074136f51a9f5dfc5b27e4e0b2a5b576f895f3e872f16bb74441b921ed670f7dd0220276d9f4fc40a1c0349008ae82135651077932010b5e9077bf62f8bc0b9142c3301",
        "02c7a49c3f29e63cf274819490e6e0bdc115756397ca60a86091f822286f5e9a88"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967295
    },
    {
      "txid": "be12c06ce23a174d29a507b09a5bc86ef38fc0ad5467e2083c9d371f0928a5d5",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "0014044267290a1ed9e1b363bfdec43aac1df8f85bfb",
        "hex": "160014044267290a1ed9e1b363bfdec43aac1df8f85bfb"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "3044022053aaaa8f122a8430342d274fdd57ea8dc746cce269e099d78ce2778656406c48022003e3788c5694ce17fcd842b6685f44afe6a7151dcfa214d4198d5503134d2d2101",
        "030541bdfff7b3e4deb1e0addf5715cbbb13407e7b06a9793a1be36233b7d49fdc"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 49.99000000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 e0e2ba743a50d6c51176cf4006a73b07c29df3cf OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a914e0e2ba743a50d6c51176cf4006a73b07c29df3cf87",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2NDkJxccs9Wd6cctvKSBtfk2Nza2EeavS1Y"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "value": 49.99000000,
      "n": 1,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_HASH160 3a011cad3e72170448f61524c490ce1ec3c7e8a4 OP_EQUAL",
        "hex": "a9143a011cad3e72170448f61524c490ce1ec3c7e8a487",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "scripthash",
        "addresses": [
          "2MxXvWg5KqLUHWQfm4z8rZhGj16aAqPWF6y"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}


从以上信息中提取一组有效信息  

从vout中选择第二组数据

UTXO_TXID = 593bc8b6149fc64d31d70d58d365764fc362fd2aecf6adabb6c2be3964682389
UTXO_VOUT = 1
UTXO_VALUE = 49.99000000
UTXO_OUTPUT_SCRIPT = a9143a011cad3e72170448f61524c490ce1ec3c7e8a487

2. 生成一个新的目标地址 2N7hMdx8XoKMyBJd4PLXZUvEa3szWLK7c4j
bitcoin-cli -regtest getnewaddress

3. 从以上的有效信息中构建一笔交易给新的地址49.98个比特币
bitcoin-cli -regtest createrawtransaction '''
    [
      {
        "txid": "593bc8b6149fc64d31d70d58d365764fc362fd2aecf6adabb6c2be3964682389",
        "vout": '1'
      }
    ]
    ''' '''
    {
      "2N7hMdx8XoKMyBJd4PLXZUvEa3szWLK7c4j": 49.98
    }'''

02000000018923686439bec2b6abadf6ec2afd62c34f7665d3580dd7314dc69f14b6c83b590100000000ffffffff01806de7290100000017a9149e82f61edb11d83f62a60368868a7a16bcf55a888700000000

4. 离线签名
bitcoin-cli -regtest signrawtransactionwithwallet 02000000018923686439bec2b6abadf6ec2afd62c34f7665d3580dd7314dc69f14b6c83b590100000000ffffffff01806de7290100000017a9149e82f61edb11d83f62a60368868a7a16bcf55a888700000000 '''

{
  "hex": "020000000001018923686439bec2b6abadf6ec2afd62c34f7665d3580dd7314dc69f14b6c83b59010000001716001490c66a16ddd8405227e11efc87f7b93fce151373ffffffff01806de7290100000017a9149e82f61edb11d83f62a60368868a7a16bcf55a88870247304402203665a815716ed7c99a627acf896806101e851a9122a05a9dd337a7c70792800d022070b1a1c1947bbb81aff11e966392a4b05e3d4b2785a8170f70b4d0250f960e72012103d678d4c116ea3bff2b18760a45d86fd19692c213b217f88a6815006387290cfc00000000",        
  "complete": true
}

5. 广播之前的交易 593bc8b6149fc64d31d70d58d365764fc362fd2aecf6adabb6c2be3964682389
bitcoin-cli -regtest sendrawtransaction 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

6. 广播离线签名后的交易 9447820947c7fa1198a6342bbd06c22459a94e663a11aa2933d89f76e8597a80
bitcoin-cli -regtest sendrawtransaction 020000000001018923686439bec2b6abadf6ec2afd62c34f7665d3580dd7314dc69f14b6c83b59010000001716001490c66a16ddd8405227e11efc87f7b93fce151373ffffffff01806de7290100000017a9149e82f61edb11d83f62a60368868a7a16bcf55a88870247304402203665a815716ed7c99a627acf896806101e851a9122a05a9dd337a7c70792800d022070b1a1c1947bbb81aff11e966392a4b05e3d4b2785a8170f70b4d0250f960e72012103d678d4c116ea3bff2b18760a45d86fd19692c213b217f88a6815006387290cfc00000000


以上的过程已经非常详尽了，现在对以上的过程进一步说明。

文章列出的步骤是满足以下场景的：

有两组地址，分别属于不同的私钥，从这两组地址中提取两个UTXO，输入到两个目标地址中，给每个目标地址49.9个比特币。这个过程称为第一次交易，在第一次交易广播之前，立刻发起第二笔交易。对第二笔交易签名完成之后，依次对这两个交易进行广播。

在步骤18之前，和前面文章中的构建复杂交易是完全一样的。为了简单降低文章的复杂度，并没有设置找零，如需设置找零，参考之前的文章，在创建交易之后设置找零地址和计算交易费即可。

再强调一遍，离线签署的重点是两个

  1. 在第一次交易未广播之前发起第二笔交易
  2. 在交易的最后，依次广播

额外提示，如果最后发现交易无法广播，请回头查阅签名问题。